Improved clinch knot
Line to fly in 0.5 min.

I built this rig to get a weighted hex fly down to the lake bottom where trout are waiting for natural hex emergers to rise up the water column. It uses a slip bobber to suspend the fly 12 to 24 inches above the bottom in 15 to 35 feet of water, letting me fish without casting while the fish camp in place before they start moving up to chase the hatch.

This is my go-to setup for Fall/winter nymphing on the Lower Yuba River. I adjust the weight between AAA, SSG, and AB as well as move the indicator up and down fish varios depths and speeds of water... shallower water lighter weight.

A 10' 8" indicator nymphing leader on Maxima Chameleon. The butt steps from .017" to .010", then 18" of .009" runs to a 4 mm heavy tippet ring, with 24" of 3X and 24" of 4X fluorocarbon below it. A 3/4" trapped-air indicator, one No. 4 split shot and a #16 Tungsten Bead Pheasant Tail make it a ready-to-fish indicator rig for riffles and runs.

A tight-line mono rig for euro nymphing with a 5X point. It runs 288" of 20 lb Maxima Chameleon (.017"), 24" of 12 lb Maxima HV, a 12" red sighter section and 12" of Umpqua Sighter (.009") with a backing barrel marker, then a 4 mm tippet ring. Below the ring, 14" of RIO Two Tone, 36" of 4X and 20" of 5X fluorocarbon lead to a #16 tungsten Pheasant Tail. No indicator or split shot: the fly carries the weight.

A tight-line mono rig that fishes a dry and a nymph together. It runs 288" of 20 lb Maxima Chameleon (.017"), 24" of 12 lb Maxima HV, a 12" red sighter section and 12" of Umpqua Sighter (.009") carrying a backing barrel marker, then a 4 mm tippet ring. A 6" tag of 3X mono off the ring holds a #12 Stimulator; below the ring, 14" of RIO Two Tone, 24" of 4X and 24" of 5X fluorocarbon lead to a #16 tungsten Pheasant Tail.

A long thin mono rig for euro nymphing: 312" of .012" Maxima Chameleon, a 24" sighter of 12" of Umpqua Sighter and 12" of RIO Two Tone Indicator (both .009"), and 48" of 5X fluorocarbon tippet to a tungsten bead nymph. Triple surgeon's knots join the sections. At 384" overall the thin butt does the work a fly line would, with far less sag.

A simple euro nymphing leader that attaches to a standard fly line: 18" of 30 lb Stren (.022") and 18" of 20 lb Stren (.017") as a butt, 48" of 10 lb P-Line fluorocarbon, a 15" Amnesia sighter, and 36" of 3X P-Line fluorocarbon (.008") to a tungsten bead nymph. Three 4 mm heavy tippet rings join the lower sections, so the sighter and tippet are easy to replace. It is 135" overall and carries no indicator or split shot: the fly is the weight.

A thin mono rig for tight-line nymphing on freestone and tailwater rivers: 288 inches of .008 Maxima Chameleon, a 24 inch RIO two-tone sighter (3X, .008), and 36 inches of 5X fluorocarbon to a tungsten jig nymph. There is no indicator and no split shot: the weighted fly takes it down and the sighter shows the take.

A mono rig that switches between streamers and nymphs without rebuilding the leader. It runs 288 inches of 20 lb Maxima Chameleon, 24 inches of 12 lb Maxima HV, then a sighter of 12 inches of red mono (Amnesia or Sufix Neon Fire) and 12 inches of Umpqua Sighter with a backing barrel marker. A 4 mm tippet ring holds 14 inches of RIO Two Tone and 36 inches of 3X fluorocarbon to the fly.

A tight-line mono rig sized for rivers. It runs 300 inches of 20 lb Maxima Chameleon, a 24 inch step of 10 lb Chameleon, 12 inches each of 0X and 1X fluorocarbon, then a 14 inch sighter of Cortland bi-color indicator mono. A 4 mm tippet ring below the sighter holds 36 inches of 5X fluorocarbon to a tungsten jig nymph.

A 9-foot (108 inch) streamer leader for floating lines. It runs 48 inches of 25 lb mono (.021"), 36 inches of 16 lb mono (.016") and 24 inches of 10 lb fluorocarbon tippet (.011"). The extra length keeps the fly line away from wary fish in clear or slow water, and the stout butt still turns over a streamer.

An 8-foot dry fly leader built on the simple 50-25-25 rule: half the length in a stiff butt, a quarter in the middle and a quarter in tippet. It steps from 48 inches of 30 lb mono to 24 inches of 20 lb and 24 inches of 10 lb, joined with double uni knots. The heavy tippet and short, punchy taper make it a leader for big dries such as hoppers, stoneflies and foam bugs.

A 6-foot (72 inch) streamer leader for floating lines. It runs 36 inches of 25 lb mono (.021"), 24 inches of 16 lb mono (.016") and 12 inches of 10 lb fluorocarbon tippet (.011"). The heavy butt and short length turn over weighted and bulky streamers with control, and the fluoro tip is tough against teeth, rocks and wood.

A 5' 6" (66 inch) all-fluorocarbon leader for fishing small chironomids and nymphs on a sinking or intermediate line in clear lakes. It runs 18 inches of 20 lb Seaguar Blue Label (.016"), 24 inches of 10 lb fluoro (.011"), a #12 barrel swivel and 24 inches of 5X (.006") fluoro tippet. A short leader lets the line set the depth, and the finer tippet helps with wary fish.

A 5' 6" (66 inch) all-fluorocarbon leader for fishing chironomids and small nymphs on a sinking or intermediate line in lakes. It runs 18 inches of 20 lb Seaguar Blue Label (.016"), 24 inches of 10 lb fluoro (.011"), a #12 barrel swivel and 24 inches of 4X (.007") fluoro tippet. A short leader lets the line set the depth, so the fly fishes right where the line tip is.

A 4-foot winter steelhead leader for sink tips, all in Maxima Ultra Green: 20" of 30 lb (.022"), 10" of 20 lb (.017") and 18" of 12 lb (.013"), joined with triple surgeon's knots. Short and stout, it turns over big weighted winter flies and keeps them near the depth of the tip.

A 16-foot all-fluorocarbon leader for sight-fishing carp on shallow flats. It steps down from 24" of 40 lb (.023") through 12" of 30 lb (.020"), 36" each of 20 lb (.016"), 15 lb (.014") and 10 lb (.011"), to 48" of 8 lb tippet (.010"). The length keeps the fly line well away from wary fish, and the fluoro sinks a size 8 weighted carp fly quickly to the bottom.

A 12-foot leader for fishing soft-hackled spiders upstream on freestone rivers. A 90 inch mono taper steps down from a .017" butt to 5X at .006", then 54 inches of 6X tippet finishes it. The long, fine tip lets the spider land softly and drift naturally just under the surface, where trout take emerging insects.

An 11-foot bonefish leader that halves each section: 60 inches of 30 lb mono (.022"), 30 inches of 20 lb (.017") and 15 inches of 15 lb (.015"), ending in a 27 inch tippet of 12 lb fluorocarbon (.013"). The heavy butt turns over a weighted bonefish fly, and the long, clear tip lands it softly on calm, shallow flats where fish spook at a fly line.

A heavy, modular leader for nymphs and streamers, built from RIO Powerflex: 72" of 30 lb (.017"), a 4 mm heavy tippet ring, 36" of 20 lb (.013"), a second 4 mm ring, and 36" of 10 lb 2X (.009") tippet, for 12' in all. The rings let you change tippets without shortening the leader, and the stout pieces turn over weighted flies.

A 9-foot leader built to turn over and hit a target, the way tournament accuracy and distance casting demand. It runs 44 inches of .024 inch mono, 28 inches of .020, 17 inches of .017 and 8 inches of .015 to an 11 inch tip of .012 inch, with most of its weight in the long butt. It straightens fully at the end of the cast and drops the fly where it was aimed.

A 9 foot 2 inch dry fly leader that ends in 4X and is built to land a fly with a little slack for drag-free drifts. It starts with 20 inches of 15 lb and 20 inches of 12 lb Maxima Chameleon, steps through 8 inches of 8 lb Maxima and 8 inches of 8 lb Stren Gold, then 12 inches each of 2X, 3X and 4X, and finishes with an 18 inch 4X tippet. Every join is a triple surgeon's knot.

A 9-foot all-fluorocarbon bonefish leader built to turn over shrimp and crab flies in the wind that blows across most flats. It runs 48 inches of 50 lb, 24 inches of 30 lb and 12 inches of 25 lb to a 24 inch tippet of 15 lb. The heavy butt carries the cast, and the 15 lb tip is strong enough to stand up to coral, mangrove roots and a bonefish's first run.

A 9.5-foot trout leader with a heavy butt, built to turn over big, wind-resistant dries on 5-7 wt rods. Nearly half its length is a 48 inch .026 inch butt, which then steps through 18 inches of .019, 10 of .017, 8 of .015, 6 of .013 and 6 of 1X (.010 inch) to an 18 inch 3X tippet. It pushes hoppers, stoneflies and big attractors out in the wind and lays them down straight.

An 8-foot (96 inch) three-piece dry fly leader built from the 25-15-10 formula: 36 inches of 25 lb mono, 36 inches of 15 lb and 24 inches of 10 lb. It is quick to tie from three spools and turns over big, wind-resistant dries such as hoppers, stoneflies, large foam flies and bass bugs.

A simple 7.5-foot (91 inch) saltwater leader for 8-9 wt rods, tied from three pieces of fluorocarbon: 39 inches of .024, 26 inches of .019 and 26 inches of .014. It turns over weighted shrimp, crab and baitfish patterns in wind, and the fluorocarbon sinks and stands up to abrasion. It is quick to tie on a boat or beach.

A 6.5-foot (77 inch) stillwater leader for sinking and intermediate lines on a 4-6 wt. It steps from 29 inches of 0X through 20 inches of 1X and 16 inches of 2X to 12 inches of 3X, a short, gentle taper that sinks with the line. The fly fishes at the depth the line sets, which is the point of a sinking line.

A 20-foot euro nymphing leader that fishes tight-line with mono, not fly line, outside the rod tip. It runs from 160" of 20 lb (.017") Maxima Chameleon into 18" of 15 lb (.015") Chameleon, 8" of 0X (.011") Seaguar Gold Label, a 24" .010" sighter and 30" of 4X (.007") fluorocarbon tippet. A size 14 tungsten jig nymph carries the weight.

An 11-foot redfish leader for an 8-10 wt. It starts with 46 inches of .033" mono and steps down through 23 inches of .028", 23 inches of .026" and 17 inches of .024" to a 23 inch tippet of .016" fluorocarbon. The stiff butt turns over weighted shrimp and crab patterns, and the long fluorocarbon tip lands quietly and stands up to oyster shell and grass on shallow flats.

An 11-foot leader built on the half-again formula: each section is half the length of the one above it. It runs 60 inches of 30 lb mono, 30 inches of 20 lb and 15 inches of 15 lb, then a 27 inch tippet of 12 lb. The long, heavy butt carries the cast's energy down to the fly, so it turns over weighted and wind-resistant flies for flats and warm-water fishing.

A 10.5-foot mono stillwater leader built for an intermediate sinking line. It steps from a 43 inch butt of .011" down through 35 inches of .010" and 28 inches of .009" to a 20 inch tippet of 3X, .008", joined with triple surgeon's knots. The length keeps the fly line's splash away from the fly, and the slow-sinking line carries the fly down to cruising trout.

A wet fly team leader for swinging three flies at once. It starts with 72" of tapered leader cut back to 3X, then 4X Maxima Chameleon in 6", 18" and 24" sections joined with triple surgeon's knots. Two 4" tags off those knots hold the droppers, and the point fly ties to the end. The team covers three depths on every swing.

A thin mono euro nymphing rig: 144" of .012" Maxima Chameleon as a butt, 36" of Sunset Amnesia as a transition, and an 18" Cortland sighter, all 10 lb and joined with blood knots. A 2 mm tippet ring below the sighter holds 36" of 5X fluorocarbon tippet to a tungsten jig nymph. The thin butt sags less than a fly line and casts weighted flies with little effort, so contact with the fly stays direct.

A 30" streamer leader for trout on a sinking line or sink tip. It is two pieces: 12" of RIO Powerflex 0X (15 lb, .011") as a butt, joined with a triple surgeon's knot to 18" of 6 lb Drennan fluorocarbon. Kept short so the fly stays down where the line takes it.

A 7-foot bass bug leader after Steve Rajeff's formula: five sections of mono stepping from a .028" butt to a .014" tippet, joined with blood knots. The long, heavy butt and short taper carry wind-resistant poppers and hair bugs and turn them over on a 6-8 wt line. It is built for casting bugs tight to cover, not for delicacy.

A mono rig for fine, tight-line nymphing in clear water. A 72 inch RIO Powerflex butt runs to a 4 mm tippet ring, then 216 inches of .011 Sunset Amnesia and a 36 inch Cortland bi-color sighter to a second 4 mm ring. Below it, 72 inches of 6X RIO Fluoroflex Strong carries a small tungsten nymph. There is no indicator and no shot: the fly carries the weight.

A mono rig built to fish a weighted streamer on a tight line: 288 inches of 20 lb Maxima Chameleon, 24 inches of 12 lb Maxima HV, 12 inches of 12 lb red sighter mono and 12 inches of 2X Gold Label with a Backing Barrel marker, to a 4 mm tippet ring. Below the ring are 36 and 24 inch pieces of 2X fluorocarbon to a size 8 tungsten jig streamer.

A mono rig set up to fish a dry fly: 288 inches of 20 lb Maxima Chameleon, 24 inches of 12 lb Maxima HV, 12 inches of 12 lb red sighter mono and 12 inches of 2X Gold Label with a Backing Barrel marker, to a 4 mm tippet ring. Below the ring a short dry-fly taper runs 10 inches of 2X, 6 inches of 3X and 20 inches of 4X to the fly. It lets a nymph angler fish a dry without changing to a fly line leader.

A micro-thin mono rig for tight-line nymphing: 312 inches of .008 Maxima Chameleon, a 20 inch RIO two-tone sighter, and 48 inches of 5X fluorocarbon tippet to a tungsten jig nymph. The thin butt sags less than heavier mono, so a light fly stays in contact farther from the rod tip. The weighted fly does the work, with no indicator and no split shot.

A 15-foot dry-fly leader for flat, clear water and wary trout. A 72 inch RIO Powerflex butt runs to a 4 mm tippet ring, then 36 inches of .013 and 24 inches of 2X copolymer and a 12 inch step of 4X to a second 4 mm ring, with 36 inches of 5X RIO Suppleflex at the fly. The long, fine tip lets a small dry drift without drag.

George Harvey's 11.5-foot dry fly leader, finished in 5X. It starts with a soft .015" butt and steps down .002" at a time through four 18" sections (.015", .013", .011", .009"), then 15" of 3X, 15" of 4X and a long 36" tippet of 5X, for 11' 6" in all. The soft butt and long, fine tippet land the fly with slack so it floats drag-free over slow, clear water. It suits a 5 wt rod.

George Harvey's 10-foot dry fly leader, finished in 4X. It starts with a soft .015" butt and steps down .002" at a time through four 18" sections (.015", .013", .011", .009"), then 15" of 3X and a long 36" tippet of 4X, for 10' 3" in all. The soft butt and long tippet are meant to land the fly with slack in the tippet, so it floats drag-free over mixed currents. It suits a 5 wt rod.

Gary Borger's leader formula built as an all-round 9-foot trout leader: 51" of .020" butt, 13" of .013", 26" of 2X (.009") and an 18" tip of 4X (.007"). Borger's idea is a heavy butt that carries the cast and a quick step down to the tippet, so the leader turns over the fly with energy to spare. It suits dry flies and nymphs on 4-6 wt rods.

Gary Borger's 9-foot leader for bouncing a nymph along the bottom: 45" of .020" butt, 17" of .013", and a long 45" tippet of 0X (.011"). Two No. 4 split shot ride 10" above a size 8 stonefly nymph, and a small yarn indicator on the butt shows the take. The stout tippet holds up to the shot, snags and big fish on 4-7 wt rods.

Gary Borger's 7.5-foot leader for flies you move, finished in 3X: 51" of .020" butt, 13" of .013", and 26" of 3X (.008") tippet. The short, stout design keeps the line straight to the fly, so stripped and swung wet flies and nymphs stay under control and takes are felt. It casts well on 4-7 wt rods.

Gary Borger's 7.5-foot leader for flies you move: 51" of .020" butt, 13" of .013", and 26" of 2X (.009") tippet. The short, stout design keeps the line straight to the fly, so stripped and swung wet flies and nymphs stay under control and takes are felt. It casts well on 4-7 wt rods and turns over weighted flies.

Gary Borger's 10-foot dead-drift nymph leader, finished in 5X. It runs 51" of .020" butt, 13" of .013", 51" of 2X (.009") and a 6" tip of 5X (.006"), for 10' 1" in all. The long level 2X section lets a weighted nymph sink freely, and the finer tip suits small nymphs in clear, slow water on a 3-6 wt rod.

Gary Borger's 10-foot dead-drift nymph leader, finished in 4X. It runs 51" of .020" butt, 13" of .013", 51" of 2X (.009") and a 6" tip of 4X (.007"), for 10' 1" in all. The long level 2X section lets a weighted nymph sink freely instead of being pulled up by a taper, and the heavy butt still turns it over on a 3-6 wt rod.

A dry-dropper on a 9 foot tapered mono leader. It steps from 36 inches of .017" through .015", .013", 0X and 2X to 24 inches of 4X tippet tied to a size 10 to 14 foam or parachute dry. Off the dry's hook bend, 18 inches of 5X fluorocarbon hangs a size 16 to 22 bead-head nymph, so the whole rig runs about 10 and a half feet.

A 9 foot 6 inch carp leader for an 8 weight rod. It runs 48 inches of 30 lb Maxima Clear, then 24 inches of 20 lb, 12 inches of 15 lb and 6 inches of 12 lb Maxima Clear, ending in 24 inches of 0X fluorocarbon. The heavy butt turns over a weighted carp fly in wind, and the stout tip holds big fish around weeds and snags.

A 9 foot 6 inch carp leader for a 6 weight rod. It runs 48 inches of 20 lb Maxima Clear, then 24 inches of 15 lb, 12 inches of 12 lb and 6 inches of 8 lb (1X) Maxima Clear, ending in 24 inches of 2X fluorocarbon. The long, stout taper turns over a weighted carp fly and lays it down far enough from the fish to keep it calm.

A tight-line mono rig for small streams with a long, three-color sighter. It runs 480 inches of 20 lb Maxima Chameleon as the casting line, a 24 inch step of 12 lb Maxima Clear, then 12 inches of neon red Suffix and 12 inches of neon green Amnesia, a 4 mm tippet ring, and 12 inches of Cortland bi-color. A 2 mm tippet ring below the bi-color holds 36 inches of 5X fluorocarbon to a tungsten jig nymph.

A mono rig for small streams that fishes nymphs tight-line and small streamers on one leader. It runs 480 inches of 20 lb Maxima Chameleon as the casting line, a 24 inch step of 12 lb Maxima Clear, then a two-color sighter of 12 inches of neon red Suffix and 12 inches of neon green Amnesia. A 2 mm tippet ring below the sighter holds 36 inches of 4X fluorocarbon to a tungsten jig nymph.

A 5-foot leader for sink-tip lines: 36" of 20 lb fluorocarbon joined with a triple surgeon's knot to 24" of 10 lb fluorocarbon. Short and dense, it keeps a streamer near the depth of the tip, with a little more distance from the line than a 4-foot leader for clearer water.

A 5-foot trout streamer leader for full sinking lines: 24" of 0X fluorocarbon at .011" joined with a triple surgeon's knot to 36" of 2X fluorocarbon at .009". Short and dense, it keeps a streamer down near the depth of the line for trout holding deep in lakes, pools and big runs.

A 5.5-foot steelhead leader with a heavy point: 28" of .026" mono joined with a double uni knot to 38" of .017" mono. Built for sink tips and Skagit heads on 7-9 wt rods, it keeps the fly near the depth of the tip and the thick point shrugs off rocks, wood and hard takes.

A 5.5-foot steelhead leader with a heavy point: 28" of .026" mono joined with a double uni knot to 38" of .016" mono. Built for sink tips and Skagit heads on 7-9 wt rods, it keeps the fly near the depth of the tip and the thick point shrugs off rocks, wood and hard takes.

A 4-foot leader for sink-tip lines: 24" of 20 lb fluorocarbon joined with a triple surgeon's knot to 24" of 10 lb fluorocarbon. Short and dense, it keeps a streamer down at the depth of the tip, for big trout and other fish holding deep in current.

A 4-foot steelhead leader for sink tips and Skagit heads: 12" of 20 lb Ande joined loop to loop with 36" of 10 lb Maxima Ultra Green. The short, stout build keeps the fly at the depth of the tip, and the loop join makes changing a frayed point quick on the river.

A 4-foot steelhead leader for sink tips: 12" of 15 lb Maxima joined with a triple surgeon's knot to 36" of 10 lb Maxima. It is short and stout so the sink tip sets the depth and the fly stays down in the swing.

A 4-foot fine tippet section to rebuild a dry fly leader that has been cut back to 3X. It steps 12" of 3X fluorocarbon to 12" of 4X, then 24" of 6X at .005" to the fly, joined with triple surgeon's knots. It is for small dries and midges over selective trout on slow, clear water.

A 4-foot tippet section to rebuild a dry fly leader that has been cut back to 2X. It steps 12" of 2X fluorocarbon to 12" of 3X, then 24" of 4X at .007" to the fly, joined with triple surgeon's knots. It restores a fine, supple tip without buying a new leader.

A 32-foot tight-line nymphing leader for 3-5 wt rods. It runs 288" of 20 lb Maxima Chameleon at .017", steps through Maxima HV and Sunset Amnesia at .013" and Seaguar Gold Label at .011", then a 1X sighter and 36" of 4X fluorocarbon to a tungsten bead perdigon. The thin butt hangs off the rod tip without sag, so the drift stays direct from rod to fly.

A 15.5-foot stillwater indicator rig for hanging a small chironomid near the bottom of a clear lake. An 18" butt of 20 lb Seaguar Blue Label leads into 120" of 10 lb (2X, .009") Blue Label, a #12 barrel swivel and 48" of 5X (.006") fluorocarbon to a size 16 tungsten-bead chironomid. A 7/8" release indicator rides near the top, and a No. 4 split shot sits just above the swivel.

A 15.5-foot stillwater indicator rig for hanging a chironomid near the bottom of a lake. An 18" butt of 20 lb Seaguar Blue Label leads into 120" of 10 lb (2X, .009") Blue Label, a #12 barrel swivel and 48" of 4X (.007") fluorocarbon to a size 14 tungsten-bead chironomid. A 7/8" release indicator rides near the top, and a No. 4 split shot sits just above the swivel.

A 10-foot bonefish leader for 7-9 wt rods, mono through the butt and middle and fluorocarbon at the tip. Four mono sections step from .021" to .013", then a 15" tip of 1X fluorocarbon at .010". It is the lighter version of the 0X leader, for calm, clear flats and smaller flies where fish are wary.

A 10-foot bonefish leader for 7-9 wt rods, mono through the butt and middle and fluorocarbon at the tip. Four mono sections step from .021" to .014", then a 15" tip of 0X fluorocarbon at .011". The stiff mono turns over a weighted flats fly into wind, and the fluoro tip sinks with the fly and stands up to coral and shells.

A 10-foot leader for big bass on 6-8 wt rods, a touch finer than the 0X version. A 50" butt of .022", .021" and .019" mono drives into a 43" middle of .013", then 27" of 1X tippet at .010". It turns over bass bugs and streamers and suits clearer water and more cautious fish.

A 10-foot leader for big bass on 6-8 wt rods. A 50" butt of .022", .021" and .019" mono drives into a 43" middle of .014", then 27" of 0X tippet at .011". It turns over bass bugs and streamers and has the strength to pull a big fish out of cover.

A 9' 10" dry fly leader for light 3-4 wt rods. A 29" butt of .020" Maxima Clear steps down through .017", .015" and .012", then RIO Powerflex at .010", .008" and .007" to 5X at .006". The last two pieces, 8" and 22" of 5X, make a 30" tippet that lands small dries softly on quiet water.

A 10' 2" tapered trout leader that does a bit of everything on a 5-6 wt rod. A 48" butt of .022" Maxima Chameleon steps through .017", .015", .010" and .009" to a 14" tip of 4X at .007". It turns over a dry fly, a small nymph or a light streamer without a change of leader.

A three-piece streamer leader that steps from 30 lb to 20 lb to 10 lb Trilene Big Game, the 3-2-1 in its name. It runs 10 feet: a 72 inch butt, a 24 inch midsection and a 24 inch tippet, joined with triple surgeon's knots. Stiff, simple and quick to tie, it is built to turn over streamers and stand up to fish that grab hard.

A long mono rig for tight-line euro nymphing. A 144" butt of 20 lb Maxima Chameleon (.017") is blood-knotted to a 36" Sunset Amnesia sighter (12 lb), then an 18" transition of 12 lb Cortland mono (.013"). That runs to a 2 mm tippet ring, then 48" of 5X fluorocarbon (.006") to a #16 tungsten bead Perdigon. The thin mono butt lets you hold the line off the water and watch the sighter for strikes, and the weighted fly gets itself down without shot or an indicator.

A 10-foot wet fly leader for light 3-5 wt rods. It tapers evenly from a .019" butt through seven steps to a 22" tip of 5X at .006". The length and fine tip let a soft-hackle or wet fly sink and swing naturally on clear water.

Trey Combs' 10-foot steelhead leader for a floating line. It starts with a 72-inch .020" mono butt, then three 12-inch steps of .017", .015" and .013", and ends in 12 inches of 1X (.010") tippet. The heavy butt and short, quick steps turn over swung flies on 5 to 8 weight rods.

A simple indicator nymphing leader, 12' 11" long, for a 5-6 wt line. It starts with a 22" butt of .012" mono and 79" of 0X mono, then steps down through 20" of 3X fluorocarbon to 22" of 5X fluorocarbon. Below that is a 2 mm tippet ring and a final 12" of 5X to the fly. A 1/2" trapped-air indicator rides on the 0X, and a BB split shot sits just above the ring to get the nymph down.

Gary Borger's dead-drift dry fly leader in three sections: a stiff .013" butt, a short .010" step and a long .007" tippet, or .006" (5X) for smaller flies. Quick to tie, quick to repair on the water, and it turns a dry fly over without fuss.

Pascal Cognard's 18-foot euro nymphing leader: a long, even taper from 18 inches of .018 mono through .016, .014, .012 and 1X to a 20 inch 3X sighter of Cortland bi-color indicator mono, an 8 inch step of 5X and 79 inches of 6X. It turns over a weighted nymph on a 3-5 wt rod and keeps the fly in direct contact, with no indicator and no split shot. There's also a 7X variation; see the questions below.

A 14-foot leader built for clear, calm lakes where trout can see far. The long, fine taper from .015" butt down to 5X (.006") lets you cast smaller flies with less disturbance and set the hook cleanly in stillwater. Use this when you need distance, stealth, and a natural presentation in lakes where the fish are selective. There's also a 6X variation; see the questions below.

An 18' 6" leader for fishing a single fly on a floating line in stillwater. It starts with a 30" butt of .017" and 28" of .013", then steps down through 1X, 2X, 3X and 4X sections to 82" of 5X (.006") tippet. The heavier butt carries the cast off a 4-6 wt line, and the long fine tip lets small flies land softly and sink naturally in calm water.

A 13.5-foot euro nymphing leader that loops to the fly line. It steps down evenly through 42" each of .016", .014" and .012" mono into an 18" 3X (.008") sighter and 18" of 5X (.006") tippet. The even taper turns over a weighted nymph softly, and the fine tippet lets a small tungsten fly sink fast.

George Harvey's 9-foot wet fly leader: a short 10" butt of .017", then five 20" sections of .015", .013", .011", .009" and .008" (3X), for 9' 2" in all. The even taper turns over a wet fly or soft hackle and lets it sink just under the surface and swing across the current. It is a simple, proven leader for a single wet fly on a floating line.

A 13-foot streamer leader for small baitfish patterns on a 6 wt. It runs in three pieces: 22" of .018" butt, a long 111" middle of .012" and 22" of 2X (.009") fluorocarbon tippet. The long middle lets the fly swim and drop away from the fly line, and the 2X tip holds up to hard strips and strikes.

A 17-foot leader for nymphing under an indicator at short range on a 3-5 wt. It steps down in 29" sections from .018" through .016", .014" and .012" to 1X (.010"), then a 23" 3X (.008") sighter and 40" of 5X (.006") tippet. A 1/2" trapped-air indicator rides on the 1X section, and a No. 4 split shot sits 10" above a size 16 bead-head nymph.

A 9-foot wet fly leader that steps down from a .019 inch butt in seven sections to 18 inches of 5X (.006 inch) tippet. The even taper turns over soft hackles and small traditional wet flies on 3-5 wt rods and lets them swing and drift with life in the current.

A 13-foot euro nymphing leader that loops to the fly line and fishes small, weighted nymphs on a tight line. It runs from 74" of .016" butt into 33" of .014" Sufix Elite, a 12" .011" transition, a 16" 3X (.008") sighter and 22" of 5X (.006") tippet. The fine tippet lets a size 16 tungsten nymph sink fast and drift naturally.

A 10-foot floating leader that tapers from .023" butt to .010" 1X tip, built for swinging and stripping flies to steelhead in rivers. The gradual seven-section taper loads the rod smoothly and turns over both heavy and light flies with precision. This is a workhorse setup for techniques that depend on line control and delicate presentation. There's also a 0X variation; see the questions below.

A 10' 5" nymphing leader built on the 60/20/20 idea: a long, stiff butt, a short taper and a fine tip. About 60 percent is butt, 49" of 30 lb and 25" of 20 lb Maxima Chameleon, 74" in all. About 20 percent is the taper, 12" each of .015" and .010" Maxima Ultragreen, 24" in all. The last 20 percent or so is the tip, 12" of 2X at .009" and 15" of 4X at .007", 27" in all. It turns over a single tungsten bead nymph and keeps contact with it in the drift.

An 8-foot leader built on a smooth, gradual taper from .018" butt to .006" tip. It's designed for light-touch presentations to panfish in still water, where a gentle cast and a forgiving taper help you land small flies without breaking off. There's also a 4X variation; see the questions below.

A 9.5-foot streamer leader for largemouth and smallmouth bass on 6-7 wt rods. It steps from a 34 inch .018 inch butt through 29 inches of .014 inch and 34 inches of .012 inch to a 17 inch 0X (.011 inch) tippet. The 0X tip turns over weighted baitfish and crayfish patterns and holds a big bass that runs for cover.

A 10-foot bonefish leader for 7-9 weight rods. A 60" butt of .020" mono drops quickly through .018", .014" and .012" to a 24" tip of 1X at .010". The long butt drives a weighted flats fly into the wind, and the 1X tip is light enough for clear water and strong enough to hold a running bonefish.

A 6-foot (72 inch) tapered dry fly leader for brushy small streams where casts are short and branches are close. It steps from a 30 inch .017 butt to .013, .011 and .009, then 14 inches of 4X tippet at .007. The stout butt and short length turn over a dry fly on tight casts and keep the leader out of the trees.

A 7.5-foot (90 inch) tapered dry fly leader for small streams. It steps evenly from a 36 inch .017 butt through .015, .013, .011 and .009 to 14 inches of 4X tippet at .007. It is short enough to control under branches and fine enough at the tip to float a small dry naturally.

A 7.5-foot, 5X leader built on a smooth taper from .017" butt to .006" tip. It's designed to turn over small, light flies cleanly and land panfish without excess splash or disturbance. The formula suits 3 to 5 weight rods and works well where stealth and delicate presentation matter.

An 11.5-foot mono leader for dead-drifting flies to salmon and sea trout in rivers. It tapers in eight even steps from 35 inches of .021" down through .019", .017", .015", .013", 0X, .011" and 1X, .010" to a 27 inch tippet of 2X, .009". The long, gradual taper lands a fly softly and lets it drift at the current's speed, the way fish see natural food in low, clear water.

A 26-foot mono nymphing leader for big trout in runs and pockets, fished tight-line with no indicator. A long .014" butt steps through .012" to a 1X sighter, then 36" of 3X fluorocarbon to a tungsten jig stonefly. The heavy fly does the sinking and the sighter shows the take, so the drift stays direct from rod tip to fly.

A 12-foot tapered monofilament leader built to turn over streamer flies smoothly and deliver them with precision on the flats. It steps down through six sections from 30 lb butt to a 17 lb fluorocarbon tip, giving you the power to cast distance while maintaining delicate presentation where bones are feeding.

A straightforward 8 foot 5 inch streamer leader for 4-7 wt rods. It tapers from a .021 inch butt through four 15 inch sections, then 9 inches of .013 inch and 8 inches of 0X, to 24 inches of 2X tippet. The stout tip turns over buggers, sculpins and baitfish patterns and stands up to hard strips and strip-sets on trout.

A simple 25-foot euro nymphing leader: 211" of level .012" mono, a 42" 1X (.010") sighter and 42" of 5X (.006") fluorocarbon tippet. The thin level butt sags less than a heavy taper, so the line stays straight to a size 16 tungsten-bead nymph and small takes show on the sighter.

A 10.5-foot swing leader for salmon and steelhead on 8-10 wt rods. A 38" butt of .022" mono steps through four 13" pieces at .018", .016", .014" and .013" to a 36" tippet of .012". The stiff butt and even steps turn a swung fly over on a floating line.

Ray Bergman's 12 foot leader for nymphs and wet flies. Eight 18 inch sections of mono step down from .021" at the butt to .006" (5X) at the tip, joined with blood knots in the butt and triple surgeon's knots through the 0X, 3X and 5X pieces. It is built for one fly on a 4 to 7 weight rod. There is also a 6X variation; see the questions below.

A 15-foot dry fly leader with a long, heavy butt: 84" of .017", 12" of .012", 36" of 2X, 36" of 4X and 12" of 5X. The stout butt carries the cast and turns over larger dries in wind, while the long finer sections still let the fly land softly. It is built for 3-5 wt rods on bigger water. There's also a 6X variation; see the questions below.

A 9-foot-4-inch (112 inch) tapered steelhead leader for 8 to 10-weight rods and floating lines, built to turn over weighted streamers and swung flies. Seven Maxima sections step from a 28 inch, 40 lb (.024") butt through short middle pieces to 30 inches of 10 lb (.012") Maxima Ultragreen tippet, joined with blood knots and a triple surgeon's knot. It is a workhorse for swinging and stripping streamers in steelhead runs.

An 8-foot-8-inch dry-fly leader tapered from 30 lb butt to 2X tippet, built to turn over grasshopper imitations and other larger terrestrial patterns. The stout butt handles the weight and air resistance of bigger flies while the fine 2X tip provides the delicacy needed for drag-free presentation on selective trout.

A 9' 10" tapered dry fly leader for trout on a 5-6 wt rod. It runs from a stiff .022" butt of Maxima Clear down through four more Maxima steps, then RIO Powerflex at .010" and .008" to a 24" tip of 4X at .007". The even taper turns over dry flies from #12 to #16 and lays the long tippet down with a little slack for a natural drift.

An 11.5-foot heavy mono leader for swinging big flies to salmon on a 9-11 wt. A 55 inch butt of .024" steps down through 37 inches of .020" and 28 inches of .018" to an 18 inch tip of .016", joined with blood knots. The heavy butt turns over large tube flies and weighted salmon flies, and the stout tip holds a big fish in strong current.

A 15-foot tapered dry-fly leader built to turn over gracefully and land softly on the water. The long taper and gradual step-downs from .017" butt to .006" tip make it well-suited for 3-5 weight rods, working especially well with smaller dry flies where a delicate presentation matters. There's also a 6X variation; see the questions below.

A 12-foot mono leader for fishing wet flies on lakes with a floating line. It tapers in .002" steps from a 36 inch butt of .021" through nine sections to a 27 inch tippet of 5X, .006". The long, fine taper lands a small wet fly or soft hackle without a splash on calm water and lets it sink and hang the way trout see natural insects.

A 6-foot (72 inch) tapered leader for panfish on a 4-6 wt rod, built to turn over small poppers and float small dries. It steps from a 22 inch .019 butt through .017, .015, .012 and .010 to 15 inches of 3X tippet at .008. The stout butt handles the air resistance of a popper, and 3X is strong enough for bluegill and crappie around weeds.

Kaufmann's 10-foot steelhead leader for a sink-tip line: 35 inches of .023 mono stepping through .021, .017 and .013 to 30 inches of 1X, .010. Blood knots join the heavy sections and a triple surgeon's knot joins the tippet. The sink tip takes the fly down, and the leader turns over a swung streamer on a 5-8 wt rod. There's also a 0X variation; see the questions below.

A 54-foot tight-line mono rig for fishing weighted streamers and jigs to steelhead and big trout. It runs 564 inches of 20 lb Sunset Amnesia, 18 inches of 15 lb and 18 inches of 12 lb Maxima, a 4 mm heavy tippet ring, a 12 inch Cortland bi-color sighter and 36 inches of 0X fluorocarbon tippet. The thin mono replaces the fly line through the guides, so the fly sinks fast and you stay in direct contact with it.

A thin, light mono rig for tight-line nymphing small streams: 480 inches of .009 Maxima Chameleon, 24 inches of white Cortland indicator mono, then an 18 inch Cortland bi-color sighter. A 2 mm tippet ring below the sighter holds 36 inches of 5X fluorocarbon to a tungsten jig nymph. The thin butt sags very little, so small, light flies stay in contact.

A tight-line mono rig for small streams: 480 inches of neon green Sunset Amnesia as the casting line, a 36 inch step of 1X Maxima Clear, then a 16 inch Cortland bi-color sighter. A 2 mm tippet ring below the sighter holds 36 inches of 5X fluorocarbon to a tungsten jig nymph. The weighted fly does the work, with no indicator and no split shot.

A long tight-line mono rig for euro nymphing small streams. It runs 480" of 12 lb Maxima Chameleon (.013"), 24" of 8 lb Maxima Clear, 12" of neon red Sufix and 12" of neon green Amnesia, then a 16" Cortland bi-color sighter, joined with blood knots. A 2 mm tippet ring below the sighter holds 36" of 5X fluorocarbon to a tungsten jig nymph. There is no indicator or split shot: the fly is the weight and the colored mono shows the take.

An 11.5-foot mono leader for wading the coast after sea trout with flies from #8 to #2. A 69 inch butt of .015" carries the cast into the wind, then it steps through 21 inches of .012" and 21 inches of 0X, .011" to a 28 inch tippet of 2X, .009". The length keeps the fly line away from fish cruising in clear, shallow water, and the 2X tip stands up to hard takes, stones and weed.

Lefty Kreh's simple 9-foot leader: about half butt, a quarter middle, and the rest a short step and tippet. Here that is 48 inches of .024 mono, 24 inches of .021, 12 inches of .018 and 24 inches of .013 at the fly, joined by three blood knots. Built for a 7-8 wt line, it turns over streamers, bass bugs and light saltwater flies.