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A 6-foot (72 inch) tapered leader for panfish on a 4-6 wt rod, built to turn over small poppers and float small dries. It steps from a 22 inch .019 butt through .017, .015, .012 and .010 to 15 inches of 3X tippet at .008. The stout butt handles the air resistance of a popper, and 3X is strong enough for bluegill and crappie around weeds.

Kaufmann's 10-foot steelhead leader for a sink-tip line: 35 inches of .023 mono stepping through .021, .017 and .013 to 30 inches of 1X, .010. Blood knots join the heavy sections and a triple surgeon's knot joins the tippet. The sink tip takes the fly down, and the leader turns over a swung streamer on a 5-8 wt rod. There's also a 0X variation; see the questions below.

A 54-foot tight-line mono rig for fishing weighted streamers and jigs to steelhead and big trout. It runs 564 inches of 20 lb Sunset Amnesia, 18 inches of 15 lb and 18 inches of 12 lb Maxima, a 4 mm heavy tippet ring, a 12 inch Cortland bi-color sighter and 36 inches of 0X fluorocarbon tippet. The thin mono replaces the fly line through the guides, so the fly sinks fast and you stay in direct contact with it.

A thin, light mono rig for tight-line nymphing small streams: 480 inches of .009 Maxima Chameleon, 24 inches of white Cortland indicator mono, then an 18 inch Cortland bi-color sighter. A 2 mm tippet ring below the sighter holds 36 inches of 5X fluorocarbon to a tungsten jig nymph. The thin butt sags very little, so small, light flies stay in contact.

A tight-line mono rig for small streams: 480 inches of neon green Sunset Amnesia as the casting line, a 36 inch step of 1X Maxima Clear, then a 16 inch Cortland bi-color sighter. A 2 mm tippet ring below the sighter holds 36 inches of 5X fluorocarbon to a tungsten jig nymph. The weighted fly does the work, with no indicator and no split shot.

A long tight-line mono rig for euro nymphing small streams. It runs 480" of 12 lb Maxima Chameleon (.013"), 24" of 8 lb Maxima Clear, 12" of neon red Sufix and 12" of neon green Amnesia, then a 16" Cortland bi-color sighter, joined with blood knots. A 2 mm tippet ring below the sighter holds 36" of 5X fluorocarbon to a tungsten jig nymph. There is no indicator or split shot: the fly is the weight and the colored mono shows the take.

An 11.5-foot mono leader for wading the coast after sea trout with flies from #8 to #2. A 69 inch butt of .015" carries the cast into the wind, then it steps through 21 inches of .012" and 21 inches of 0X, .011" to a 28 inch tippet of 2X, .009". The length keeps the fly line away from fish cruising in clear, shallow water, and the 2X tip stands up to hard takes, stones and weed.

Lefty Kreh's simple 9-foot leader: about half butt, a quarter middle, and the rest a short step and tippet. Here that is 48 inches of .024 mono, 24 inches of .021, 12 inches of .018 and 24 inches of .013 at the fly, joined by three blood knots. Built for a 7-8 wt line, it turns over streamers, bass bugs and light saltwater flies.

A short, stiff 7-foot (84 inch) leader for 4-7 wt lines. It steps from an 11 inch .021 butt through .019, .017, .015, .013, .011 and .009 to 16 inches of 3X at .008. The heavy butt and short length turn over bushy dries, hoppers, small streamers and other wind-resistant flies with accuracy.

A George Harvey dry fly leader, 11 feet long, built in 7 sections of Maxima. It runs from a .015" butt down to 30 inches of .006" (5X) tippet. Harvey designed the long, soft tip to land in slack curves rather than straight, so a single dry fly drifts naturally without drag. It is made for selective trout rising to small dry flies. A 4X variation is covered in the questions below.

Ray Bergman's 8 foot nymph leader. Six 16 inch sections of mono taper from .017" at the butt to .006" (5X) at the tip, with blood knots in the butt and triple surgeon's knots through the 0X, 2X and 5X pieces. It is a short, controllable leader for one nymph on a 3 to 5 weight rod. There is also a 4X variation; see the questions below.

Ray Bergman's 8 foot steelhead leader, 95 inches in all. Five 19 inch sections of mono step down from .021" at the butt to .011" (0X) at the tip, joined with blood knots and a triple surgeon's knot. It is a short, stout taper that turns over a swung wet fly on a floating line and holds a steelhead in heavy current.

A 9 foot 2 inch leader for emergers and wet flies that tapers from a .017 inch butt in six sections to a 30 inch 4X (.007 inch) tippet. The even steps turn the fly over on 3-5 wt rods, and the long tippet lets an emerger ride in the surface film or a wet fly sink and swing without drag.

A 24-foot nymphing leader for fishing tight-line on a 3-5 wt. It runs 112" of .016" butt, 35" each of .014" and .012", a 35" 1X (.010") sighter, 20" of 4X (.007") and 48" of 5X (.006") tippet to a size 16 tungsten-bead nymph. The long leader keeps the heavy fly line out of the drift, so the nymph sinks and drifts with little drag.